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Obesity is a global health concern with major implications for male reproductive function. It disrupts endocrine and metabolic homeostasis, impairs semen quality, and is associated with reduced pregnancy and live birth rates. This open textbook is designed to provide a deep understanding of the biological and biomedical aspects of human reproduction , covering a wide range of topics from basic reproductive biology to clinical applications. Human reproductive system, organ system by which humans reproduce and bear live offspring. In human reproduction , a new individual is formed when two cells, or gametes, come together: an ovum (egg) from the female and a sperm from the male. This union creates a zygote, with each gamete contributing half of the genetic material half from the mother and half from the father.
