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Each person with Down syndrome is an individual. Problems with intellect and development are usually mild to moderate. Some people are healthy while others have serious health issues such as heart problems that are present at birth. Children and adults with Down syndrome have distinct face and body features. Down syndrome (trisomy 21) is most commonly caused by chromosome replication errors in which there are three copies of chromosome 21 instead of two. A baby born with Down syndrome may have symptoms and signs such as unusual facial features, low IQ, and difficulty learning to walk and crawl. Someone with Down syndrome may have a shorter life expectancy. Down syndrome ... Down syndrome or Down 's syndrome , [12] also known as trisomy 21, is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21. [3] It is usually associated with developmental delays, mild to moderate intellectual disability, and characteristic physical features. [1][13] Down syndrome is caused by an extra chromosome 21, affecting physical and intellectual development. Common physical traits of Down syndrome include a round face, upturned eyes, and a short build. Down syndrome increases the risk of developing complications and other health conditions.